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Inventor database
Documented

Benjamin Banneker

Self-taught astronomer and almanac author

At a glance

Inventor
Benjamin Banneker
Life
1731–1806
Birthplace
Baltimore County, Maryland
Country
United States
Region
United States
Era
Early Modern
Fields
Science & Engineering, Agriculture
Evidence
Documented
Records
0 in this archive

What they did

A free Black farmer in Maryland, Banneker calculated ephemerides and published almanacs from 1792, and assisted Andrew Ellicott in the boundary survey of the federal district.

Historical context

Almanac astronomy required painstaking manual computation; Banneker learned it largely from borrowed instruments and books.

The legacy

His 1791 letter to Thomas Jefferson, enclosing his almanac calculations and challenging Jefferson's claims about Black intellect, survives in the record. Note: the story that he reconstructed the Washington city plan from memory is a later embellishment.

The evidence

  • Banneker almanacs, 1792–1797

    Museum · Maryland Center for History and Culture

  • Banneker–Jefferson correspondence, 1791

    Government archive · US Library of Congress