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Innovations archive

Medicine & Health

Banked blood and plasma distribution

1940–1941New York CityCharles R. Drew Documented

The problem

Whole blood spoiled quickly and could not be shipped across an ocean to wounded soldiers.

The innovation

Systematic methods for separating, preserving, testing and distributing plasma at scale, set out in Drew's doctoral thesis and applied in Blood for Britain.

How it worked

Plasma keeps far longer than whole blood, tolerates transport, and can be given without cross-matching in emergencies.

Why it mattered

Blood for Britain shipped thousands of litres of plasma across the Atlantic; the Red Cross programme followed.

The legacy

Every hospital blood bank and mobile blood drive uses this architecture.

You use this today

Any transfusion, anywhere.

Sources

  • 'Banked Blood' doctoral thesis, 1940

    University archive · Columbia University Libraries

  • The Charles R. Drew Papers

    Government archive · US National Library of Medicine